In-situ blasting of the old Leilaibo copper mine - an example of underground heap leaching (USA)

The mine is a columnar steeply inclined ore body, which is distributed in andesite . The surrounding rock is invaded by granite slurry and is severely broken. Outcrop ore from top to bottom of the oxidation zone, and the secondary enrichment with sulphide ore belt deep, containing mainly copper minerals chalcocite, chalcopyrite, malachite, chrysocolla and vitriol. The ore body is extended downward from the surface of the surface 33m to more than 150 meters, and the main ore body is about 130m in diameter. Ore grade: near the surface of the surface contains Cu 0.4%, the following increase with depth, to the enrichment zone is about 2.0%, local up to 9% to 10%. There are a total of 4 million tons of ore containing about 0.8% copper, mostly oxidized ore and secondary enriched sulphide ore. The fissure develops and is suitable for leaching. There is an impervious bottom plate under the ore body.
Through indoor tests and feasibility studies, it was decided to adopt the in situ loose blasting-underground heap leaching scheme. The original two roadways (located at 60.6m and 30.3m levels respectively) are slightly extended, and a supplementary roadway is newly excavated at 50m level for blasting of the chamber. A total of 80,000 packs of ammonium explosives (23kg per pack, total weight of 1,184,400 kg) were used, and the burst was initiated with a slight delay (ie, the upper level was instantaneously detonated, the middle level was delayed by 100 ms, and the lower level was delayed by 150 ms) The blasting effect is good. The total blasting ore is 4.5 million tons, the average blockiness is 216mm, and the ore permeability is better than before the blasting. The unit explosive consumption is about 0.4kg/t.
After the loose blasting, the outcrop was uncovered, the broken ore was exposed to the surface, and the ore was pushed into several steps with a height of 7 m and a width of 5 m by a bulldozer, and then the liquid system piping was laid on each step. The diameter of the main pipe is 151mm, the diameter of the branch pipe is 51mm, and a rotary nozzle is installed every 12m on the branch pipe, and the spray radius is 18m. The strength of the dilute sulfuric acid immersion liquid cloth is 0.2L/m 2 ·min, and the total flow rate is 3785L/min. After deducting the evaporation loss, the leaching is 3028L/min. Rich liquid displacement method of recovering copper, a total of six width 2.44m, 7.32m long groove is replaced by scrap iron. Nissan copper is 9072kg, the sponge copper grade is about 80%, and the displacement recovery rate is 98%. The design life of the heap leaching project is 5 years. The recovery rate in the first year has reached 10%, and the second has increased to 15%. At this time, production was stopped due to unstable liquid grade and falling copper prices. After five years, he started work again and drilled six injection holes. He injected 1135~1325L/min of dilute sulfuric acid immersion liquid into the underground ore heap, and still passed the liquid distribution system. The flow rate of the two was equal. The concentration of the leachate has dropped below 0.4g/L, so it is shut down again. A total of 5896.7t of copper was recovered throughout the service period, with a total recovery rate of 19%. In fact, if the balance of payments is reached, the recovery rate can be 6%, which is achieved in the first half of the year after the start of construction.
The old Rayleigh home blasting-underground heap leaching process is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Underground heap leaching process of Laoleilaibei Mine
1-rich liquid pool; 2-displacement sedimentation tank; 3-collector ditch; 4-acid storage tank; 5- scrap iron pile; 6-dispensing tank

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