Nine heavy-duty trucks' lightweight development trend, reducing user cost
Offline UPS,Power Supply,Online High Frequency UPS Bison Machinery Co., Ltd. , http://www.tzengine.com
At present, under the circumstances that the toll-by-weight charging regulations are about to be fully promoted, due to the high price of domestic oil prices, the lighter weight of heavy-duty trucks will reduce users' considerable use costs. The current lightweighting trend of domestic heavy trucks is mainly reflected in the following major aspects.
1. Variable-section, small-leaf spring structure The leaf spring is a variable cross-section. The leaf spring is composed of several leaf springs with variable cross-sections in the longitudinal direction, which not only reduces the weight, but also improves the driving force by reducing the friction between the leaf springs. Comfort and long life. In addition, the use of rubber suspension or air suspension can also reduce the weight of the suspension system.
2, the use of single-frame frame beam compared to the leaf spring, the frame of the larger weight, effectively reduce the weight of the frame, will greatly reduce the vehicle's overall quality. With the improvement of design level, manufacturing process, and improvement of material properties, single-layer frames are fully qualified under standard load conditions.
3, the use of composite cab is the use of composite materials up to the assembly, especially the outer cover: front panel, angled panels, fenders, bumpers, and even the top cover, have used a large number of composite materials. On the one hand, this effectively reduces the weight of the entire vehicle. On the other hand, due to the good formability of the composite material, the molding structure can be more complex, more beautiful, and more accurate in size than the metal stamping. At present, domestic heavy trucks still prefer the structure of the cab of an all-steel structure, which is mainly related to the harsh working environment of heavy trucks in China. From the perspective of new products introduced by heavy-duty truck manufacturers in recent years, the proportion of composite materials used in vehicles is gradually increasing, and the use of a large amount of composite materials is an inevitable trend.
4, the use of aluminum alloy material Aluminum alloy is less dense than steel, so in some parts of the composite material can not be replaced, you can use aluminum alloy materials, including sheet metal parts and castings. Aluminum alloy sheet metal parts are the most representative of the fuel tank, aluminum alloy tank material, not only reduce the weight, and the oil tank is not easy to rust, eliminating the trouble of regular cleaning. The body can also use aluminum alloy instead of cold rolled steel. The rim, engine body, transmission body, etc., can also be cast aluminum alloys in a large amount, which can minimize the weight while ensuring sufficient strength and rigidity.
5, the use of high-strength steel using high-strength steel plate, can reduce the thickness of the steel plate, thereby reducing weight. In European and American heavy trucks, almost 100% of steel used in heavy trucks is high-strength steel. In the past, the proportion of high-strength steel plates used in domestic heavy trucks was relatively small, and they have been widely used in recent years. Even the cars of dump trucks have begun to use high-strength steel plates to improve the strength of the car and reduce its own weight.
6. The use of welded blanks The cab is stamped and welded with steel plates. Since the structure and force of each part are different, different sheet metal parts will also use different grades of steel plates. A heavy truck may use several cabs. Ten different steel plates with different thicknesses. However, with the development of CAE technology, through simulation experiments and analysis, it is possible to calculate the stress of different parts of the same sheet metal part. In order to reduce the unnecessary thickness of some parts, laser tailor-welding technology came into being. Laser welding technology is to combine two or more steel plates with different surface treatments, different steel types, and different thicknesses into one steel plate by laser welding.
7, the use of casting parts traditional punching and welding structural parts, due to the limitations of materials and manufacturing processes, all parts can only be equal thickness, in order to ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the parts, punching and welding parts are often more heavy.
The structural parts can be analyzed by CAE through finite element software to optimize the structure. According to the force conditions of each part, the complex variable thickness and variable cross-section structure are designed to maximize the reduction of unnecessary Local thickness, which greatly reduces the weight of parts.
8, the use of vacuum tires and ultra-wide tires using vacuum tires and ultra-wide tires can also reduce the weight to some extent. Compared with traditional tires, vacuum tires not only reduce the inner tube, but also reduce the structure of the rims. The entire vehicle is replaced with a vacuum tire and the running resistance is small, which can reduce the fuel consumption to some extent. The driving wheels of the heavy trucks generally use double tires. If they are changed to ultra-wide tires, they will not only reduce the number of tires, but also reduce the number of rims. In addition, the ground area of ​​an ultra-wide single tire is not smaller than that of a double tire. Besides reducing its own weight, it can also improve running stability and avoid the phenomenon of “gesture†of the dual tires.
9. Integrate the functions of parts and reduce the number of parts Integrate all parts functions, integrate multiple parts, realize multi-functional parts, reduce the number of parts, make its structure more compact, and also reduce the weight of the whole vehicle to some extent. Such as: the tank and the platform pedal combination, the tank and SCR urea tank combination.