Characteristics of coal mining production
1. Production and construction cycle, coordinated development In order to extract the coal buried deep underground and transfer it to the ground for industrial and agricultural use, it is necessary to first construct the corresponding coal mine (mine or open pit mine) and the necessary ancillary production facilities. After acceptance, the coal mine design standards and requirements are met. In order to transfer to transfer to production. The newly transferred coal mines are still unsuitable and unfamiliar due to equipment operation, production links and mining geological conditions. Under normal circumstances, raw coal production cannot reach the design production capacity, and there is a production period. Losses often occur during this period. After gradually becoming familiar with the production, normal production, coupled with good management and mechanism, the coal production of many coal mines will gradually exceed the design production capacity, which is a stable high-yield period of coal mines. However, due to underground operations, coal mine production is constrained by a variety of insurmountable mining technical conditions. Even if the coal seam conditions are very good, there is a limit to the mining scope of a coal mine, and there are many coal mine resources that are limited. Therefore, when the coal resources in this range are gradually approaching the completion of mining, the coal mine will enter the aging period, and the production capacity will begin to decline until it is finally scrapped. At this time, not only need to build a new coal mine in time to replace, in order to maintain the original production capacity, to carry out new production activities, and because of the end, the mining depth increases, the mining conditions deteriorate, the output declines, the cost rises, and often losses occur. . Therefore, the construction and production of coal mines are orderly and continuously cycled. Whether it is to maintain simple reproduction or to expand production, continuous construction work is required. This is one of the distinguishing features of coal mine production and other industrial production. Therefore, it requires that coal mine leaders must properly deploy production and construction in accordance with the laws of coal production to ensure the coordinated development of coal production and production capacity. At the same time, we must rely on scientific and technological progress, strengthen production management, strive to shorten the delivery period, maintain a long stable production and high-yield period, and smoothly pass the aging period. This is the goal that every coal mine must seriously study. 2. Excavation and heavy, excavation first With the mining of underground coal, the coal mining production face continues to advance, and the production site of coal mines is constantly changing. In order to continue production, while mining coal, it is necessary to simultaneously develop roadways, prepare new production sites, and prepare for the next mining. Within a certain period of time, a corresponding number of working faces and mining areas must be developed to ensure that the planned output at that time is met. Before a production level is completed, it is necessary to plan to deepen the new production level in advance to meet the production succession and ensure the continuous stability of production capacity. This type of excavator is more prepared for continuous production, and the amount of excavation is large, and it also requires a lot of machinery and equipment. At the end of 1995, China's state-owned key coal mines had a total of 912,955 underground workers. Among them, there were 242 391 workers, 199 495 excavators, 82.3% of excavation workers, 5.24 million m roads, and 3,286 excavation faces. This ensures the normal needs of coal production that year. There are 65 comprehensive mechanized coal mining teams with an annual output of more than 1 million tons of coal, of which 2 with an annual output of more than 3 million tons of coal, with an annual output of more than 2 million tons of coal and 7 of which are less than 3 million tons, with an annual output of coal. More than 1 million tons, and below 2 million tons are 56; there are 17 innovative mechanized excavation teams, including 4 excavations of more than 10 000 m, and 7 excavations of more than 8 000 m and less than 10 000 m. More than 000m, 6 below 8 000m. This kind of mining is equally important, and the pioneering work method is also one of the characteristics of coal mine production. If the mining is out of tune, the connection is not good, there will be a reduction in production, or even stop production. Therefore, maintaining a normal mining relationship and ensuring the normal replacement of the working face, mining area and level is an important part of coal mine production. 3. Labor conditions are difficult, accidents are numerous, casualties are high, occupational diseases are serious The underground production of coal miners does not see sunlight all the year round, and even the necessary fresh air must be input on the ground. In the process of coal production, we must fight against various disasters such as water, fire, gas, dust and roof falling, falling tanks and sports cars anytime and anywhere. Therefore, coal production is one of the most labor-intensive and labor-intensive jobs. Under the cordial care of the party and the country, coal mine safety has improved significantly in the past 10 years. However, due to various reasons of subjective and objective aspects, the situation of coal mine accidents, large casualties, and serious occupational diseases has not been fundamentally improved. In 1995, the death rate of millions of tons of state-owned key coal mines in China was 1.17, down 1% from the previous year; local state-owned coal mines were 4.89, down 7.8% from the previous year; township collective coal mines (incomplete statistics) were 8.45, compared with the previous year. It fell by 17.7%, but still far above the level of some of the world's major coal-producing countries (Table 2.2.40). The main problems existing in coal mine safety are: 1 Gas coal dust explosion accidents still occur from time to time, which seriously threatens the safe production of coal mines. More than 47% of China's coal mines are high gas or coal and gas outburst mines. Therefore, the frequency of gas accidents is high. In 1995, there were 474 major accidents involving more than 3 deaths in coal mines and 2,982 deaths. Among them, 311 were gas accidents and 2,132 were deaths, accounting for 65.6% of the major accidents and 71.5% of the death toll. Therefore, as long as the control of major gas accidents, coal mine safety production will be basically improved. 2 Coal mine fires are very prominent. Coal mine fire mainly refers to spontaneous combustion of coal seams. According to the identification results of 621 coal mines in 84 mining bureaus at the end of 1993, there were 361 mines with a spontaneous combustion hazard, accounting for 54.9%. According to the incomplete statistics of state-owned key coal mines, there was an average of more than 300 fires per year from 1953 to 1988, and the annual amount of newly frozen coal reached 1.2 million tons. In addition, many coalfield fire zones have not been treated, and a large amount of coal resources have been burnt away, and the environment has been seriously polluted. For example, more than 1 million tons of high quality anthracite coal is burned every year in the Ningxia Yugou mining area; Xinjiang Xiaohuangshan Jingtian fire area has lost 67.6 million tons of coal; and the larger one is the development of the northern Shaanxi Shenfu coalfield and yet The 42 fire areas in Xinjiang have been identified, and the annual loss of resources due to spontaneous combustion of coal seams is even more immeasurable. 3 Coal mine occupational diseases are quite serious. The large amount of dust generated by coal mining underground has seriously damaged the health of coal miners and became a predisposing factor for miners' occupational silicosis. Therefore, the casualties caused by the workers are far greater than those of various types of disasters. According to incomplete statistics, there are 400,000 patients with silicosis in the coal industry, and they are still growing at an annual rate of 8,000. Calculated at an economic loss of 10,000 yuan per person per year, it will reach 4 billion yuan per year. In short, there are many natural disasters in coal mines, and the safety issues are very prominent. It is especially important to strengthen labor protection and achieve safe production. Therefore, ensuring the personal safety and health of mines and employees is a top priority in the production process of coal mines. (2) Classification of production scale of coal mining enterprises According to the scale of production, coal mining enterprises can be divided into: large-scale coal mining enterprises, large-scale coal mining enterprises (including large-scale first-class and large-scale second-class), medium-sized coal mining enterprises (including medium-sized first and medium-sized second-grade) and small coal mining enterprises. Extra large coal mining enterprise Refers to the mining bureau with an annual output of 10 million tons of raw coal or an enterprise that independently mines coal. By the end of 1995, 17 units including Datong Mining Bureau had reached the standard of raw coal production. 2. Large coal mining enterprises Refers to the mining bureau with an annual output of less than 10 million tons of raw coal, 3 million tons or more, or an enterprise that independently mines coal. Large coal mining companies can also be divided into two grades: (1) A large-scale coal mining enterprise refers to a mining bureau with an annual output of less than 10 million tons of raw coal, 5 million tons or more, or an enterprise that independently mines coal. By the end of 1995, 14 units including the Lu'an Mining Bureau had reached the standard of raw coal production. (2) Large-scale second-grade coal mining enterprises refer to the mining bureaus with an annual output of less than 5 million tons of raw coal, 3 million tons or more, or enterprises that independently exploit coal. By the end of 1995, 18 units including the Beijing Mining Bureau had reached the standard for the production of raw coal in state-owned key coal mines. 3. Medium-sized coal mining enterprises Refers to the mining bureau with an annual output of less than 3 million tons of raw coal, 900,000 tons and above, or an enterprise that independently mines coal. Medium-sized coal mining enterprises can also be divided into two grades: (1) Medium-sized first-class coal mining enterprises refer to the mining bureau with an annual output of less than 3 million tons of raw coal, 1.2 million tons or more, or an enterprise that independently mines coal. By the end of 1995, 30 units of the State-owned key coal mines had reached the standard of the Bureau of Mines. (2) Medium-sized second-grade coal mining enterprises refer to the mining bureau with an annual output of less than 1.2 million tons of raw coal, 900,000 tons and above, or enterprises that independently exploit coal. By the end of 1995, there were 8 units including the Leping Mining Bureau, which had reached the standard for the production of raw coal in state-owned key coal mines. 4. Small coal mining enterprises Refers to the mining bureau with an annual output of 900,000 tons of raw coal or an enterprise that independently mines coal. By the end of 1995, 17 units including Guzhuang Coal Mine, which had a production of raw coal in state-owned key coal mines, reached this standard. Real Time Pcr,Pcr Dna Analysis System,Pcr Detection Medical Equipment,Real Time Pcr System Diagnostic Platform Changzhou Taqlab Biotechnology Co.,ltd , https://www.dinaipcr.com