Nickel ore beneficiation technology and process data
Nickel Ore (processing of nickel ores) The process of separating nickel minerals from gangue minerals or other associated minerals from nickel-bearing ores and enriching them into concentrates for smelting. The mineral processing product is nickel concentrate. Minerals and Resources There are more than 50 kinds of nickel-containing minerals in the natural world. The table shows nickel minerals with industrial value. The currently mined nickel deposits are copper sulfide nickel deposits and oxidized deposits, with the former accounting for 20% and the latter 75%. The industrial grade of nickel deposits varies according to primary ore and oxidized ore. The cut-off grade of the primary nickel deposit is 0.2% to 0.3%, and the cut-off grade of the nickel oxide deposit is 0.5%. Nickel oxide ore is mainly laterite nickel ore and nickel silicate. In the laterite nickel ore, the iron grade is high, the silicon and magnesium grades are low, and the nickel grade is between 1% and 2%; the nickel grade in the nickel silicate mine is low, the silicon and magnesium grades are high, and the nickel grade is between 1.4% and 4.0%. Nickel sulfide ore contained in a metal pyrrhotite minerals, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and magnetite, associated with pyrite, iron titanium, platinum group elements and chalcocite minerals; Common gangue minerals olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, serpentine, chlorite. Nickel ore associated copper, cobalt, gold, silver and platinum group elements and selenium, tellurium and other valuable elements should be comprehensive recovery. The distribution of nickel ore is relatively concentrated in the South Pacific and Southeast Asian islands, the Americas, and Western Siberia. The countries and regions where nickel sulphide is produced include Canada, China, the former Soviet Union, Australia and South Africa; the countries producing nickel oxide are Cuba, New Caledonia, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Dominica. China's nickel ore reserves rank fifth in the world, most of which are distributed in Gansu, Jilin, Xinjiang and other places; the main producing area is Jinchang City, Gansu Province. Process The nickel ore beneficiation process is divided into a nickel sulfide ore dressing process and a nickel oxide ore processing process according to the ore type. The beneficiation process of nickel sulphide ore containing copper and nickel ore with a nickel content greater than 7% can be directly sent to smelting; less than 3% should be subjected to beneficiation, and then the concentrate is sent to smelting. The copper sulfide nickel ore is usually sorted by a flotation method. Since nickel pyrite, chalcopyrite and nickel-bearing pyrrhotite are all sulfide minerals, their floatability is different. Therefore, the flotation should be adjusted by adjusting the pH of the slurry and adding different inhibitors. Separation. The flotation process of copper sulphide ore is basically divided into two types: priority flotation process (including partial priority flotation) and mixed flotation process. Regardless of the sorting process used, it is necessary to prevent nickel from entering the copper concentrate to avoid nickel loss during copper smelting. When the grade of copper in the ore is higher than that of nickel, the preferential flotation process shall be adopted to obtain copper concentrate first and then flotation to obtain nickel concentrate; when the grade of copper in the ore is lower than nickel, a mixed flotation process is adopted. There are two ways to separate (or treat) the copper-nickel mixed concentrate: when the copper-nickel mineral has a coarse particle size and the two minerals are not closely symbiotic, they can be separated one by one by flotation to obtain copper concentrate and nickel concentrate. The ore is then sent to smelting separately; when the copper-nickel mineral is fine in size and the two minerals are closely symbiotic, the mixed concentrate is sent to smelting to produce high-ice nickel, and then the copper-nickel is separated by flotation. Sometimes, some nickel minerals are too poorly floatable and cannot be floated out during mixed flotation. They are then recycled from the mixed flotation tailings by flotation or other beneficiation methods and separately sorted. Nickel Oxide Ore Processing Process Nickel minerals in nickel oxide ore are fine-grained, and are mostly dispersed in gangue minerals by the same type of isomorphism, and it is difficult to separate them by physical methods. Therefore, the nickel oxide ore is first crushed and sieved to remove large rocks with poor weathering and low nickel, and then sent to a smelting plant for treatment. There are two methods of smelting: fire method and wet method. Commonly used are electric furnace ice-making nickel method, ammonia leaching and acid leaching method. The typical beneficiation plant Jinchuan Copper-Nickel Second Concentrator is located in Jinchang City, Gansu Province, China. It was put into operation in 1967 and has four production series to deal with lean and rich ore. The scale of the treatment of poor ore series is 2000-3000t/d, and the series of rich ore is 3000t/d. The lean ore dressing process includes three-stage ball mill two-stage flotation. The second section of the ball mill grinds the ore to -0.074mm for 60% and then performs flotation. After one rough selection, a copper-nickel concentrate is obtained after one selection. A section of rough-choice tailings is re-ground to -0.074mm for 70% and then sent to the second stage of flotation. After one rough selection, two sweeps, and one selected copper-nickel concentrate. After sweeping the foam, it was carefully selected twice to obtain copper-nickel concentrate. The ore contains 0.5% nickel, the copper-nickel concentrate contains 3.5% nickel, and the recovery rate is about 50%. The ore-concentrating series of beneficiation processes include three-stage ball milling and two-stage flotation. After the ore is ground to -0.074mm and 70%, the first stage of flotation is carried out. After one rough selection and one selection of copper-nickel concentrate, the coarse tailings are re-ground to -0.074mm for 80% for the second stage. Selected, after a rough selection, two selected nickel concentrate. The second stage of rough selection of tailings is followed by rough selection, sweeping and selection of sulfur concentrate. The ore contains 1.75% nickel, and the copper-nickel concentrate contains 6.5% to 7.0% nickel, and the recovery rate is 89% to 90%. Panshi Nickel Ore Dressing Plant is located in Panshi, Jilin Province, China. The design scale of the plant was 1500t/d, which was completed in 1983. The main metal minerals in copper-nickel sulfide ore are nickel-bearing pyrrhotite, pentlandite, sulphur-nickel-iron ore, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The gangue minerals are orthorhombic pyroxene, tremolite , talc , serpentine and the like. The beneficiation process is a mixing-separation flotation. Mixed flotation is a stage grinding process: firstly, flotation of copper-nickel concentrate is carried out under conditions of coarse grinding (-0.074 mm in 50% to 55%); mixed flotation tailings are further ground to -0.074 mm to account for 70%. After 72%, float copper-nickel concentrate. The copper-nickel concentrate is re-flotated to separate copper concentrate, nickel concentrate and low-copper nickel concentrate. The ore contains 1.593% nickel; the nickel concentrate contains 6.524% nickel, 0.550% copper; the nickel recovery rate is 85%, the copper recovery rate is 28.8%; the copper concentrate contains 22.2% copper, nickel 1.236%; copper recovery rate is 59.90%, The nickel recovery rate is 0.8%. The Clarabelte concentrator is located in Canada. The production scale was 35,000 t/d and it was put into operation in 1971. The main metal minerals in the ore are nickel-bearing pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite. There is also a small amount of magnetite, ilmenite and pyrite. The ore contains more mud. The mineral processing production process is a combined process of mud sand separation and magnetic separation and flotation. The ore is pre-screened to obtain the shale portion, and then the copper-nickel concentrate is obtained by flotation; the ore portion is crushed and ground, and the pyrrhotite concentrate is selected by magnetic separation. The magnetic separation tailings are obtained by flotation method to obtain copper-nickel concentrate. The ore contains 1.5% nickel and 1.2% copper; the copper nickel concentrate contains 10.6% nickel, 10.6% copper; the nickel recovery rate is 71%, and the copper recovery rate is 86%. The pyrrhotite concentrate contains 1.3% nickel and 0.5% copper; the nickel recovery rate is 22% and the copper recovery rate is 9%. The Kotalahti concentrator is located in central Finland at a scale of 1,500 t/d and was commissioned in 1959. The main metal minerals in the ore are pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The gangue mineral is a silicate mineral. The beneficiation process is a mixed flotation-separation flotation. The mineral processing products are nickel concentrate and copper concentrate. The ore contains 0.78% nickel and 0.31% copper; nickel concentrate contains 6.83% nickel, 0.81% copper; nickel recovery rate is 92.5%, copper recovery rate is 27.9%; copper concentrate contains 28.6% copper, nickel 0.87%; copper recovery rate 62.1 %, nickel recovery rate of 0.7%. The Donlambo nickel oxide ore processing plant is located in New Caledonia. The ore is nickel silicate. The ore is first scrubbed by a cylindrical sieve and the bedrock containing lower nickel is separated. The obtained product contains nickel 2.5% to 2.9%; copper 0.05% to 0.1%; MgO 20% to 28%; SiO235% to 40%; Al2O30.2%; CrO22%, which is sent to an ice nickel smelting system to produce high ice nickel. Then send it to the refinery for refining, or send it to the electric furnace smelting system to produce refined ferronic steel for sale. The MoaBayr nickel oxide ore processing plant is located in the province of Orient, Cuba. The ore is a limonite type nickel-containing or cobalt-oxidized ore. The ore contains 1.35% nickel, 0.146% cobalt, copper O.02%, zinc 0.04%, iron 47.5%, 247 ning manganese 0.8%, chromium oxide 2.9%, silica 3.7%, magnesium oxide 1.7%, and trioxide. Aluminum is 0.5%. The ore is washed, sieved and crushed to remove +0.74ITlln low-grade coarse fraction of nickel, and -0.74mm is pulped and then subjected to high-pressure acid leaching. The solid and liquid separate the underflow and the overflow. Adding sodium sulfide to the cobalt-nickel sulfide product in the overflow. The nickel sulfide is drilled and sent to refining.
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Model
HX-71H
Power
supply
380V/50HZ
Power
27kw
Forming
length
1220mm
Forming
width
450~710mm(adjustable)
Speed
220-480
times / hour
thickness
of material
0.2-0.8mm
Machine
size
6800*1480
*2700mm
Machine
weight
3000kg
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