Development of circular tooth profile harmonic gear transmission technology
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7 Engineering technology and major project demonstration Because it is impossible to adapt the different types of wave generator and the radial deformation coefficient of the flexible wheel through the displacement of the circular gear to improve the meshing performance of the gear, so reduce the number of tools of the circular gear Starting, before developing the arc harmonic gear transmission reference profile, the wave generator form and the flexural radial deformation coefficient must be defined. In view of the current situation in China, it can be first determined that the wave generator type is an elliptical cam, and the main reason is that the craftability is good.
The value of the radial deformation coefficient of the flexible wheel should not be too small. There are two main reasons: First, as the coefficient of radial deformation decreases, the conjugate interval decreases rapidly, and the result is that no between the flex wheel and the rigid tooth near the long axis of the wave generator will occur. Contact, the meshing transmission only occurs in the meshing section on both sides of the long axis, so that the meshing quality of the transmission deteriorates, and the motion accuracy decreases. Second, the excessive radial deformation coefficient causes the average meshing angle to increase. Under the load, the tooth The compressive stress between the faces and the compressive stress of the flexible bearing of the wave generator increase the wear and reduce the transmission efficiency. In addition, due to the increase of compressive stress, the bending stress of the inner and outer rings of the bearing and the rim of the flexible wheel caused by the rolling elements in the flexible bearing is intensified, resulting in a decrease in the life of the flexible bearing and the flexible wheel. Therefore, the radial deformation coefficient of the flex wheel should be determined from the perspective of mainly improving the transmission performance.
The actual tooth shape of the soft wheel and the shape of the rigid wheel tooth can not interfere, the thickness of the tooth tip of the rigid wheel and the motion law of the harmonic gear transmission determine that only a theoretical wheel profile of the rigid wheel can be used. Because of the single arc tooth profile transmission, the meshing arc length is short, and the arc tooth profile cutters of the flexible wheel and the rigid wheel are different, so a small modulus double arc tooth profile harmonic gear transmission should be developed.
At present, there is no mature tolerance data for small-modulus double-arc cylindrical gears in China. Therefore, when evaluating the error of circular-arc harmonic gear transmission, the national standard of involute cylindrical gears can be reduced by small modulus.
Associate Professor, School of Mechanical Automation, Shang University, the main research area is harmonic gear transmission. Three national and provincial research projects have been completed. Address: No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100037 Note: This article was published on June 10, 1999. Mechanical Transmission Publishing Unit: Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute, Ministry of Machinery Industry.
The technological revolution of the world's auto industry Zhang Xingye In recent years, the technological progress of the world's auto industry will change from quantitative to qualitative, and a new technological revolution is expected.
The ten-year technology development plan of the automobile industry is very good in terms of energy conservation: the US PNGV plans to consume 2.94 liters per 100 kilometers for the mid-size sedan (6 seats) by 2004; the fuel consumption of the popular cars in Europe in 2005 is 3 liters (diesel, gasoline) ); Japan is about the same.
Emissions: The United States will achieve low emissions (LEV), ultra low emissions (ULEV) and some zero emissions and enter Tier2; Europe will implement the EUR04 emission standard and enter the EUR05.
Safety: The United States, Europe, and Japan all require new safety standards.
The technical breakthrough has made a major breakthrough in the promotion of small direct injection supercharged medium-cooled diesel engines. Volkswagen has developed a 3-cylinder 1.2-liter direct-injection supercharged intercooled diesel engine with a pump nozzle oil supply system with a thermal efficiency of 45%, 45kW, 140nM, and emissions up to EUR04. Ford 1.2L direct injection supercharged diesel engine, common rail supply Oil system, thermal efficiency peak composite power electric drive system (with regenerative braking) is becoming more and more mature, and Sakamoto is leading the commercial production. The Toyota THS system was installed in the PriusHybrid EV and was launched in 1997. The Honda hybrid power system is installed on the three models of Insight, Japan and Europe.
Fuel cells are growing rapidly and commercial production will begin in 2003. The universal 100kW fuel cell stack has a power density of 1.0kW/L and 1.0kW/kg and can be started at -20. DBBFCEngines Inc., a joint venture between Ford, Dyke and Ballard, has developed the Mark900 stack with performance comparable to that of the general purpose heap. Hydrogen supply: GM uses special chemical metal hydride, low temperature, low pressure, hydrogen storage tank; Ford uses high pressure hydrogen storage bottle, methanol or gasoline vehicle to reform the hydrogen production unit.
Lightweight materials and their manufacturing technology have matured. Aluminum, magnesium, titanium alloys and low alloy niobium strength steels and plastic matrix composites are widely used, and the weight of automobiles can be reduced by 40%. New cars are on the market, and the ten-year plan has seen results. A small direct injection supercharged medium-cooled diesel engine, a popular car with a fuel consumption of 3 liters per 100 kilometers, has begun to be launched.
Composite electric vehicles have matured and are on the market. Toyota's Prius has produced more than 52,000 units since its launch in 1997. The production capacity has also reached an annual output of 50,000. Followed by Honda Insight, has begun to list in the United States, Japan. Ford Prodigy, the Universal Precept is also basically available for listing, and the 10-year goal of PNGV is likely to be achieved as planned.
Fuel cell vehicles are becoming more mature in technology, but the manufacturing costs are still too embarrassing. It will take some time to put them on the market, but their time to market is much earlier than the pre-business.
The prospect of a new technological revolution in the world of automobiles is being presented to the public.
Chairman of the Engineering Society, professor-level senior engineer. Address: High-efficiency, low-pollution car diesel engine in the future of Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing Yao Chunde Since 1993, China has become a net importer of oil. In 1999, the amount of oil imported has reached 1/4 of the annual oil demand. Therefore, the development of an engine with good economy, reliability and emission quality is an urgent task that meets the urgent needs of the country.
Compared with the gasoline engines used in all cars in China, the fuel consumption of diesel engines is about 30-40% lower; the amount of carbon dioxide emitted is small, so the impact on the global greenhouse effect is small, so the diesel engine is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. . In addition, since the diesel engine is a compression ignition type engine, there is no ignition system, and the operational reliability is also high. The above characteristics make the diesel engine get very fast abroad.