Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules are designed to generate electricity from both the front and back sides, capturing sunlight from multiple angles. This dual-sided energy conversion significantly enhances the overall performance of solar projects by increasing energy yield and reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). As a result, bifacial PV systems are becoming more common in various applications such as awnings, canopies, and ground-mounted installations.
With the growing adoption of bifacial technology, the need for expert engineering oversight has become even more critical. While existing codes and standards provide clear guidelines for traditional monofacial PV systems, they often lack specific direction for bifacial designs. Additionally, different manufacturers—such as module suppliers, racking companies, and power electronics providers—may offer conflicting or biased recommendations, making it challenging to create a reliable and compliant system.
To navigate these complexities and achieve an optimal design that meets code requirements, maintains manufacturer warranties, reduces performance risks, and balances energy output with cost, it's essential to work with an engineering firm experienced in bifacial PV systems. These experts understand how to adapt electrical codes like the National Electrical Code (NEC) to bifacial applications and ensure all components operate within safe and specified limits.
One key consideration is ensuring that all DC circuits, inverters, and power electronics are properly sized to handle the increased current generated by bifacial modules. Since rear-side irradiance adds to the total energy production, the system must be engineered to manage higher current levels. Failing to do so can lead to equipment damage or warranty voidance, shifting liability to the project owner or EPC.
Another important aspect is mitigating performance risk and potential liquidated damages. Bifacial systems require detailed performance models that account for site-specific weather conditions, albedo variations, soiling rates, and long-term degradation. A conservative design approach helps ensure safety but should not be applied blindly to performance projections, as this can overestimate energy gains and lead to underperformance claims.
Finally, maximizing the ratio between energy production and cost involves careful value engineering. Unlike monofacial systems, where design and performance models are closely aligned, bifacial projects require two distinct models—one for system design and another for predicting actual performance. Engineers must balance these models to avoid overdesigning or underestimating bifacial gains, which could impact financial viability.
In summary, successful bifacial PV projects demand specialized knowledge, attention to detail, and a deep understanding of both technical and commercial considerations. Partnering with an experienced engineering team ensures a safe, efficient, and financially sound solution for your next solar installation.
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