Wheat cultivation techniques for high quality flour
According to research conducted by Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, along with the Crop Development Department of the Western Agricultural Testing Field, several key technologies have been identified for increasing the protein content in wheat. These methods are based on scientific observations and field experiments, aiming to optimize both yield and quality.
Firstly, applying nitrogen fertilizer at the flowering stage—specifically 10 days after ear emergence—can significantly boost protein levels. This process, known as "strong fruit topdressing," involves adding nitrogen directly to the developing grains during this critical period. Studies show that as the amount of nitrogen applied increases, so does the protein content, though the effect may vary slightly among different wheat varieties. For instance, 1 kg of strong nitrogen fertilizer can raise protein levels by approximately 0.5%, while 1.5 kg can increase it by 1%. Ammonium sulfate, a cost-effective option, is commonly used in these experiments. Meanwhile, phosphate and potassium fertilizers are typically applied as base fertilizers, not during the topdressing phase.
Secondly, there is a clear relationship between fertilizer application rates and protein content. As yield increases, protein levels tend to decrease. Therefore, it's essential to adjust the amount of fertilizer based on the crop’s growth condition—applying more when the crop is vigorous and less when it's underperforming. In certain regions where wheat protein levels are already moderate, additional topdressing may not be necessary, as it could negatively affect flour quality. Moreover, applying strong fruit fertilizer can delay maturation, with experiments showing that 4 kg of fertilizer per 1.5 mu (a traditional Chinese unit of area) can extend the maturation period by about one day. Thus, careful timing and dosage are crucial. While high-nitrogen fertilization can achieve protein levels similar to those of alfalfa wheat, it often results in weaker gluten strength due to prolonged maturity. Therefore, selecting the right wheat variety based on its intended use is important.
Thirdly, soil conditions play a significant role in determining the need for additional fertilization. Different soils have varying protein content levels. For example, red soil tends to have the lowest protein content, while black soil has the highest. Gray alluvial soil and other low-lying soils fall in the middle, and dry fields generally have higher protein than paddy fields. As a result, black soil may not require strong fruit fertilizers, although it often lacks phosphorus. Adding phosphate fertilizer can help improve yield and prevent excessively high protein levels. In laterite soil, which is low in nitrogen, both yield and protein content can suffer from nitrogen deficiency. Farmers should closely monitor leaf color and apply nitrogen fertilizer at the right time, possibly increasing the amount of strong fruit fertilizer if needed.
Lastly, weather conditions also influence fertilizer application. In warmer winters and rainy years, increased topdressing is recommended. For high-yield farmland, nitrogen application can begin from January to early February. Afterward, panicle fertilizer should be applied when the leaves show a slight yellowing to ensure sufficient grain numbers. However, the timing and amount of topdressing must be adjusted based on the variety, soil type, weather, and crop growth. Failure to do so may lead to excessive growth, lodging, or reduced wheat quality. Careful planning and monitoring are essential to achieve the best results.
Magnesium Needle Plate,Magnesium Needle Board,Textile Magnesium Alloy Needle Plate,Magnesium Needle Plates
Luoyang Maige Magnesium Industry Co., Ltd , https://www.maigemagnesium.com