The future of automotive engines is being driven by turbocharging, according to an EPA official. By 2025, when the CAFE regulations fully take effect, 90% of vehicles on the road are expected to be powered by turbocharged engines.
Could every new Toyota come equipped with a turbocharged engine?
If the EPA is right, all these Toyota models could feature turbocharged engines. What do you think? Fact or fiction?
WardsAuto spoke with Edward Nam, director of the EPA’s Light Duty Vehicles & Small Engines Center in Ann Arbor, MI, at the SAE World Congress. He explained that current turbochargers typically operate up to 261 psi (18 bar) of brake mean effective pressure, but 348-psi (24-bar) units are expected to hit the market by 2016 and become widely used by 2025. This increase in pressure allows for more efficient combustion and better performance.
“We believe turbochargers will continue to improve over time, as will engine efficiency,†Nam said. “These advancements, along with improvements in transmissions, tires, and aerodynamics, will help vehicles meet the 54.5 MPG target.â€
Nam added that automakers can largely achieve the fuel efficiency standards through internal combustion engine improvements and emissions control technologies. “There are many options available to help meet these goals,†he said.
He also noted that smaller, turbocharged engines will become more common. For example, trucks like the Ford F-150 or Chevy Silverado may soon run on four-cylinder engines instead of larger V8s. This shift promises better fuel economy without sacrificing power.
While many manufacturers, including Toyota, have invested heavily in various technologies—such as electric vehicles, hybrids, and diesel engines—Nam estimates that only 3% of the market will be electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles. Diesel and other hybrid options will have some presence, but not a major one.
Despite the technical promise, turbocharged engines still face criticism. Consumer Reports has questioned their real-world benefits, citing little improvement in fuel economy. Additionally, some automakers have been criticized for discrepancies between EPA estimates and actual performance.
However, if the EPA's projections hold true, turbocharged engines could save 4 billion barrels of oil and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2.2 billion tons between 2017 and 2025. Consumers could see lifetime fuel savings of $5,700 to $7,400, assuming an average gas price of $3.87 per gallon.
That said, the upfront cost of these vehicles is higher. Nan estimates that cars sold in 2025 will cost about $1,800 more than those from 2016. With longer payback periods, consumers may need to keep their vehicles longer to see real savings.
What do you think?
Do you believe turbocharged engines are the future of the automotive industry?
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The objective of a turbocharger is to improve an engine's volumetric efficiency by increasing density of the intake gas (usually air) allowing more power per engine cycle. The turbocharger's compressor draws in ambient air and compresses it before it enters into the intake manifold at increased pressure.
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